FORM AND SPACE waligore01

Foreground Background

sharp edges, more detail blurred edges, less detail

warm colors(yellow, orange) cool colors (blue, green)

lighter values (close to white) darker values (close to black)

saturated colors dull colors

higher contrast (extreme dark vs light) lower contrast (light and dark

middle values

repetition of elements: (gradients)

larger in size smaller in size

thicker in height and width thinner in height and width

greater spacing between elements reduction of spacing between

elements

use of light to suggest form: creation of forms with volume such as cubes, spheres, cones, cylinders; use of cast shadows or drop shadows; chiaroscuro; suggestion of a consistent light source (in terms of the direction or quality of light) with corresponding shadows.

overlapping elements: combined with size for greater effectiveness

transparency: equivocal space: The viewer is not sure which planes or forms lie on top of or behind others.

angle of regard: The positioning of figures at different vertical locations in the picture plane, at different ground lines, produces a stacking of objects in space through vertical location. The higher the object is placed in the picture plane, the further back it is located in space.

atmospheric perspective The variation in the use of color contrasts (saturation, value, warm/cool), gradients, and relative detail and texture can amplify the illusion of depth (see foreground and background above)

amplified perspective: The apparent distortion of a form created through foreshortening exaggerates the illusion of depth.

multiple perspective: The combination of two points of view, the profile of the head with the full view of the eye, is seen in Egyptian art, and in cubism.

hieractic scaling: The nonspatial use of size gives greater importance to certain figures as seen in the representations of the Pharoah in Egyptian art.

Linear Perspective: fixed position of spectator

one point, two point , three point (vanishing point) perspective

Renaissance Perspective: As parallel lines recede, they appear to converge and meet on an imaginery line called the horizon line. The vanishing point is the point where the lines converge. Also consider variations of point of view, such as worm's eye view and bird's eye view.

parallel line perspective systems

oblique perspective: Lines are perpendicular or parallel to the base lineOne set of construction lines depart at a 45 degree angle from the base line. One face of an object is always parallel to the picture plane. Lines defining the sides of an object are parallel and do not converge. Oblique perspective is often seen in Asian art.

isometric perspective: (equal measure) All construction lines depart at an angle of 30 degrees from the base line of the picture plane or are perpendicular to the baseline. The entire picture plane is constructed of a system of parallel lines that enter at one side, run diagonally through the picture plane, and leave on the other side.

sources:

Donis A. Dondis, A Primer of Visual Literacy

Jack Fredrick Myers, The Language of Visual Art

Oevirk, Bone, Stinson, Wigg, Art Fundamentals

Duane and Sarah Preble, Artforms

Wucius Wong, Principles of Two-Dimensional Design