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Rehabilitation Class PageAuditory / Visual Recognition of Speech
Back to the Aural
Rehabilitation Class Page
I. Influencing Factors:
A. Age- Conflict studies found that __________ were less affected by __________ visual information... this suggests that as we get older, we rely more on auditory plus visual cues
Conflict Studies - McGurk Effect
Hear Ba.....See Ga
Perception is __________
B. Noise- As noise __________ we rely more on auditory plus visual information
C. Degree of hearing loss- Persons with __________ losses do not get as much benefit from A & V information as those with __________ losses
D. Features- Visual clues enhanced recognition of __________ of articulation but helped little with __________ or manner
E. Bisensory _______________ Gain-
bisensory- auditory and visual
synergistic- combined effect is greater than the __________ of individual effects
BSG= A/V presentation - (A + V presentations)
BSG = 80% - (46% + 16%)
= 80 - 62
= 18%
II. Visual Recognition Training:
A. Speech reading tests: These have been a problem in documenting improved performance as a result of training. __________ of tests have been questioned because of studies such as:
DiCarlo and Kataya (1951)- Divided people into good and poor __________ based on ability to follow a conversation. Then gave Speech Reading Test (Utley, 1947, 3rd grade vocabulary) and found no ________________ with performance between test and the conversation ability. No solutions today to measure __________ benefit from speechreading training; therefore, we don't see many programs that offer __________ only.... Now it is usually one component of a more __________ approach (i.e. auditory skills and counseling and environmental modifications)
B. History of Visual Training
Two Main Approaches:
__________ Approach-
"speech-reading"
stressed _____________ of message by recognizing words and associating ideas
__________ Approach-
"lip-reading"
training to __________ individual sounds, involved syllable drills, actual movements studied
III. Auditory Training:
A. Carhart's Hierarchy-
Step 1- __________
Step 2- __________
Step 3- __________
Step 4- __________
B. Increase difficulty by-
Adding __________
Adding __________
Increasing __________ of stimulus
Moving from closed set to __________ set
Removing __________ clues
IV. Auditory / Visual Training:
A. Garstecki (1980) Method-
Hierarchy of four parameters:
1) __________ type- unrelated sentences to related sentences
2) __________ type- multispeaker, babble, single noise, quiet (p.94, table 3.4)
3) __________ level- negative to positive ratio
4) Use of __________- no background cues, relevant visual background cues
Example of easiest combination-
Related sentences in __________ with Relevant background cues
B. DeFillipo & Scott (1988) Tracking Method
Therapist reads passage and HI repeats
The number of words correctly repeated per __________ is recorded
The time it takes to ask for repetition, clarification, etc. __________ the words per minute score
When do we terminate training? --
Continue training until we see a __________ in performance.
Qualifying statement- need to consider training level relative to the person's communication __________.