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I. Information Available
A. __________
B. Tongue
C. Jaw
D. Teeth
E. __________
F. Eyes
G. Forehead Wrinkles
H. __________
I. Environment -__________, events, people, __________
J. Body Language
K. Written Cues
II. Factors that influence the reception of visual information
(p. 123, fig.4.1)
A. Distance - __________ ideal
B. Angle - 0 to 45 degrees azimuth is ideal
C. Visual Activity - __________ preferable over __________
D. Obstructions
1. Hands in __________
2. Gum
3. Eating objects
a. Pens in mouth
b. __________
c. Pipe
E. Fatigue
1. Attending __________
2. Attending __________
F. Motivation
G. Rate of Speech
1. Slow speech where articulation is prolonged can artificially distort movements.
2. Slow speech where the pauses are __________ is better.
H. Lighting
1. Situate so light falls on speaker’s __________
2. Try not to have __________ light in the eyes of the speech reader
I. Attitude towards Communication & Speech Reading
Study: 5th and 6th graders that were__________ - motivated (i.e. self starters) were found to be good speech readers.
J. Age
1. Studies show that younger people are better speech readers.
2. 60+ years - started to see __________ in speech readers.
K. Hearing Loss
1. Older hearing-impaired were better speech readers than older __________ hearing
2. Older made more use of added __________ characteristics - added cues help until you get to exaggeration then not helpful
L. Intelligence(p. 253-4, table 6.2)
If general IQ measure used, no relationship between speech reading and intelligence found, but when you look at individual __________ could find a relationship.
A. Perceptual Proficiency
B. __________ Memory
C. Abstract Inductive __________
M. Behavior Pattern (p. 256, table 6.3)
Many studies found no one __________ type predicted performance.
III. Code/Stimulus (p. 126, table 4.1)
A. Visibility of sounds…. Fronts more visible than back
1. Of the 30-40 phonemes in English only __________ are actually visible/distinguishable from one another.
2. Sounds that look alike are called __________.
3. Words that are indistinguishable are homophoneus words.
Examples of Homophoneous words
A. __________
B. Mom/Bomb
C. __________
D. Doll/Tall
4. Distinguishability of sounds categorized by groups of __________ sounds.
Within a viseme group sounds are indistinguishable by vision.
Viseme Groups (p. 127, table 4.2)
A. p, b, m
B. o, ___
C. f, v
D. r, w
E. ___, dz, ___
F. t, d, n, I
G. k, g, n, h