m02.    Are there other threats to forests?

Man is a threat to the forest. Conifers are especially susceptible to damage from air pollution. Forests downwind from industrialized area are most at risk.

e03.    How do pathogens and insects affect trees?

e11.    What types of old-growth forests are there?

e12.    Where are tropical forests?

e14.    What are the basic components of life?

g05.    How are forests of geological importance?

Ledbetter, C. (2001). Field Ecology.