PUBLICATIONS

  1. W. Xu, J. C. Bonner, R. T. Piper, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Effects of Residual DMSO Adduct on Photonically Cured MAPbI3 Solar Cells,” J. Phys. Chem. C in Virtual Special Issue “The Physics and Chemistry of Perovskites ” (2023)
  2. J. Grayson, M. Valdez, W. Xu, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Indium Nitrate Hydrate Films as EUV Resists by Evaluating with 92-eV Electron Beam,” Proc. SPIE 12498, Advances in Patterning Materials and Processes XL, 12498, 170-184 (2023)
  3. A. B. Hamlin, S. A. Agnew, J. C. Bonner, J. W. P. Hsu, and W. J. Scheideler, “Heterojunction Transistors Printed via Instantaneous Oxidation of Liquid Metals,” Nano Lett. 23, 2544-2550 (2023)
  4. R. T. Piper, W. Xu, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Silver Nanowire-Indium Zinc Oxide Composite Flexible Transparent Conducting Electrodes Made by Spin-coating and Photonic Curing,” MRS Adv. 8, 177-182 (2023)
  5. A. Kramer, R. Pachter, J. W. P. Hsu, and W. G. Vandenberghe, “The Effect of Solvent on Determining Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital Energies of Semiconducting Organic Molecules: Insight from a Combined Computational Approach,” J. Comp. Chem. 44, 1064-1072 (2023)
  6. J. Meza Arroyo, M.G. Syamala Rao, M.S. de Urquijo Ventura, V. H. Martínez-Landeros, T. B. Daunis, W. Xu, O. Rodríguez, J. W. P. Hsu, R. Ramírez Bon, “All Solution-Processed Hafnium Rich Hybrid Dielectrics for Hysteresis Free Metal-Oxide Thin-film Transistors,” J. Mater. Chem. C 11, 1824 (2023)
  7. W. Xu, Z. Liu, R. T. Piper, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Bayesian Optimization of Photonic Curing Process for Flexible Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices,” Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 249, 112055 (2023)
  8. B. Zhang, J. C. Bonner, W. Xu, R. T. Piper, L. N. S. Murthy, and >J. W. P. Hsu, “Contributions of Charge Generation versus Transport to Photocurrent in Dilute-donor Organic Solar Cells with Non-fullerene Acceptors,” J. Phys. Chem. C. 126 (49), 20793-20799 (2022)
  9. A. Kramer, W. Kaiser, B. Zhang, L. N. S. Murthy, A. Gagliardi, J. W. P. Hsu, and W. G. Vandenberghe, “Understanding Morphology Effects on Fill Factor Losses in Dilute-Donor Organic Solar Cells,” Nano Energy 103 (A), 107793 (2022)
  10. A. Mishra, R. Bose, Y. Zheng, W. Xu, R. McMullen, A. B. Mehta, M. J. Kim, J. W. P. Hsu, A. V. Malko, and J. D. Slinker, “Stable and Bright Electroluminescent Devices Utilizing Emissive 0D Perovskite Nanocrystals Incorporated in a 3D CsPbBr3 Matrix,” Adv. Mater. 34, 2203226 (2022)  
  11. W. Xu, R. T. Piper, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Elucidating diiodomethane-induced improvement in photonically cured MAPbI3 solar cells,” ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 5 (6), 7328-7334 (2022)
  12. B. Zhang, L. N. S. Murthy, A. Mishra, M. Bowers, C.-L. Chung, J. Du, M. C. Stefan, K.-T. Wong, J. D. Slinker, and J. W. P. Hsu, “ Re-examining Open-circuit Voltage in Dilute-donor Organic Photovoltaics,” J. Phys. Chem. C 126 (22), 9275-9283 (2022)
  13. J. W. P. Hsu and W. Xu, “Accelerate process optimization in perovskite solar cell manufacturing with machine learning,” Matter 5, 1334-1336 (2022)
  14. B. Zhang, J. C. Bonner, L. N. S. Murthy, T. A. Nguyen, F.-Y. Cao, Y.-J. Cheng, B. H. Hamadani, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Color-Temperature Dependence of Indoor Organic Photovoltaic Performance,” Org. Electron. 104, 106477 (2022)
  15. R. T. Piper, W. Xu, and J. W. P. Hsu, “How Optical and Electrical Properties of ITO Coated Willow Glass Affect Photonic Curing Outcome for Upscaling Perovskite Solar Cell Manufacturing,” IEEE J. Photovol 12 (3), 722-727 (2022)
  16. M. G. S. Rao, L. N. S. Murthy, T. B. Daunis, J. W. P. Hsu, M. I. Pintor-Monroy, J. Meza-Arroyo, K. C. S. Reddy, and R. Ramirez-Bon, “ZrHfO2-PMMA hybrid dielectric layers for high-performance all solution-processed In2O3-based TFTs,” Mater. Res. Bull. 150, 11768 (2022)
  17. S. Thampy, W. Xu, and J. W. P. Hsu,“Metal Oxide Induced Instability and Its Mitigation in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells,” J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 12, 8495-8506 (2021)
  18. T. B. Daunis, W. Xu, S. Thampy, M. Valdez, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Effects of Atmosphere Composition During Direct Ultraviolet-Light Patterning of Solution-Deposited In2O3 Thin Film Transistors,” Thin Solid Films 733, 138829 (2021)
  19. R. T. Piper, T. B. Daunis, W. Xu, K. A. Schroder, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Photonic Curing of Nickel Oxide Transport Layer and Perovskite Active Layer for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: A Path towards High-throughput Manufacturing,” Front. Energy Res. 9, 640960 (2021)
  20. L. N. S. Murthy, A. A. Kramer, B. Zhang, J.-M. Su, Y.-S. Chen, K.-T. Wong, W. G. Vandenberghe, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Energy Levels in Dilute-donor Organic Solar Cell Photocurrent Generation: A Thienothiophene Donor Molecule Study,” Org. Electron. 92, 106137 (2021)
  21. M. G. S. Rao, J. Meza-Arroyo, K. C. S. Reddy, L. N. S. Murthy, T. B. Daunis, M. S. de Urquijo-Ventura, F. Garibay-Martinez, J. W. P. Hsu, and R. Ramirez-Bon, “Tuning the Electrical Performance of Solution-processed In2O3TFTs by Low-temperature with HfO2-PVP Hybrid Dielectric,” Mater. Today Comm. 26, 102120 (2021)
  22. S. Thampy, N. Ashburn, K. Cho, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Earth-Abundant Transition Metal Based Mullite-type Oxide Catalysts for Heterogeneous Oxidation Reactions,” Adv. Energy & Sustainability Research 2(4), 202000075 (2021)
  23. W. Kaiser, L. N. S. Murthy, C.-L. Chung, K.-T. Wong, J. W. P. Hsu, and A. Gagliardi, “Origin of Hole Transport in Small Molecule Dilute Donor Solar Cells,” Adv. Energy & Sustainability Res. 2 (3), 2000042 (2021)
  24. S. Thampy, B. Zhang, J.-G. Park, K.-H. Hong, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Bulk and Interfacial Decomposition of Formamidinium Iodide (HC(NH2)2) in Contact with Metal Oxide,” Mater. Adv. 1, 3349-3357 (2020)
  25. J. Song, S. Kwon, B. Kim, E. Kim, L. N. S. Murthy, T. Lee, I. Hong, B. H. Lee, S. W. Lee, S. H. Choi, K. K. Kim, C.-H. Cho, J. W. P. Hsu, and D.-W. Kim, “Opposite Polarity Surface Photovoltage of MoS2 Monolayers on Au Nanodot versus Nanohole Arrays,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 48991-48997 (2020)
  26. R. M. Imenabadi, A. Saadat, T. B. Daunis, L. N. S. Murthy, M. L. Van de Put, J. W. P. Hsu, and W. G. Vandenberghe, “Importance of Separating Contacts from the Photosensitive Layer in Heterojunction Phototransistors,” Superlattices Microstruct. 148, 106713 (2020)
  27. W. Xu, T. B. Daunis, R. T. Piper, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Effects of Photonic Curing Processing Conditions on MAPbI3 Film Properties and Solar Cell Performance,” ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3 (9), 8636-8645 (2020)
  28. S. Thampy, N. Ashburn, S. Dillon, Y. J. Chabal, K. J. Cho, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Role of Surface Oxygen Vacancies in Intermediate Formation on Mullite-type Oxides upon NO Adsorption,” J. Phys. Chem. C 124 (29), 15913-15919 (2020)
  29. L. N. S. Murthy, B. Zhang, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Effect of Device Architecture in Fullerene-based Organic Solar Cells,” J. Phys. Chem. C 124 (24), 12982-12989 (2020)
  30. T. B. Daunis, K. A. Schroder, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Photonic Curing of Solution-Deposited ZrO2 Dielectric on PEN: A Path Towards High-Throughput Processing of Oxide Electronics,” npj Flexible Electronics 4, 7 (2020)
  31. S. Thampy, B. Zhang, K.-H. Hong, K. J. Cho and J. W. P. Hsu, “Altered Stability and Degradation Pathway of CH3NH3PbI3 in Contact with Metal Oxide,” ACS Energy Lett. 5, 1147-1152 (2020)
  32. B. Zhang, S. Thampy, W. Dunlap-Shohl, W. Xu, Y. Zheng, F.-Y. Cao, Y.-J. Cheng, A. V. Malko, D. B. Mitzi, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Mg Doped CuCrO2 as Efficient Hole Transport Layers for Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells,” Nanomaterials 9 (10), 1311-1321 (2019)
  33. N. Ashburn, Y. Zheng, S. Thampy, S. Dillon, Y. J. Chabal, J. W. P. Hsu, and K. Cho, “Comparative Experimental-Theoretical Study on the Reliability of Molecule Interactions with Transition Metal Oxide Surfaces,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11, 30460-30469 (2019)
  34. Y. Zheng, S. Thampy, N. Ashburn, S. Dillon, L. Wang, Y. Jangjou, K. Tan, F. Kong, Y. Nie, M. J. Kim, W. S. Epling, Y. J. Chabal, J. W. P. Hsu, and K. Cho,“Stable and Active Oxidation Catalysis by Cooperative Lattice Oxygen Redox on SmMn2O5 Mullite Surface,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 10722-10728 (2019)
  35. S. Thampy, N. Ashburn, C. Liu, K. Xiong, S. Dillon, Y. Zheng, Y. J. Chabal, K. Cho, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Superior Low-temperature NO Catalytic Performance of PrMn2O5 over SmMn2O5 Mullite-type Catalysts, ” Catal. Sci. Technol. 9, 2758-2766 (2019)
  36. L. N. S. Murthy, D. Barrera, A. Gadh, L. Xu, F.-Y. Cao, C.-C. Tseng, Y.-J. Cheng, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Probing Defect States in Organic Polymers and Bulk Heterojunctions using Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy, ” J. Phys. Chem. C 123, 10795-10801 (2019)
  37. S. Thampy, N. Ashburn, S. Dillon, C. Liu, K. Xiong, E. C. Mattson, Y. Zheng, Y. J. Chabal, K. Cho, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Critical Role of Mullite-type Oxides' Surface Chemistry on Catalytic NO Oxidation Performance, ” J. Phys. Chem. C 123, 5385-5393 (2019)
  38. J. Wang, E. Motaharifar, L. N. S. Murthy, M. Higgins, D. Barrera, T. B. Daunis, Y. Zheng, A. V. Malko, F. Ely, M. A. Quevedo-Lopez, M. Lee, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Revealing Lattice and Photocarrier Dynamics of High-quality MAPbBr3 Single Crystal by Far Infrared Reflection and Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy, ” J. Appl. Phys. 125 (2), 025706 (2019)
  39. T. B. Daunis, J. M. H. Tran, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Effects of Environmental Water Absorption by Solution-Deposited Al2O3 Gate Dielectrics on Thin Film Transistor Performance and Mobility, ” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (46), 39435-39440 (2018)
  40. M. I. Pintor-Monroy, D. Barrera, B. L. Murillo-Borjas, F. J. Ochoa-Estrella, J. W. P. Hsu, H. N. Alshareef, M. A. Quevedo-Lopez, “Tunable Electrical and Optical Properties of Nickel Oxide (NiOx) Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition to Enable Electronic Devices,”Appl. Mater. Interface 10 (44), 38159-38165 (2018)
  41. T. B. Daunis, D. Barrera, G. Gutierrez-Heredia, O. Rodriguez-Lopez, J. Wang, W. E. Voit, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Photochemically Patterned High-Performance Solution-Processed Oxide Devices on Shape Memory Polymer,” J. Mater. Res. 33, 2454-2462 (2018)
  42. T. Albes, L. Xu, J. Wang, J. W. P. Hsu, and A. Gagliardi, “The Origin of Photocurrent in Fullerene-based Solar Cells,” J. Phys. Chem. C 122, 15140-15148 (2018)
  43. L. Xu, R. Molei, W. Vandenberghe, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Minimizing Performance Degradation Induced by Interfacial Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells Through Tailoring of the Transport Layer Electronic Properties,” APL Materials 6, 036104(2018)
  44. M. D. Womble, J. Herbsommer, Y.-J. Lee, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticle Size and Concentration on Dielectric Properties of Polypropylene Nanocomposites,” J. Mater. Sci. 53 (12), 9149-9159 (2018)
  45. J. Wang, T. B. Daunis, L. Cheng, B. Zhang, J. Kim, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Combustion Synthesis of P-type Transparent Conducting CuCrO2+x and Cu:CrOx Thin Films at 180°C,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 3732-3738 (2018)
  46. W. A. Dunlap-Shohl, T. B. Daunis, X. Wang, J. Wang, B. Zhang, D. Barrera, Y. Yan, J. W. P. Hsu, and D. B. Mitzi, “Room-temperature Fabircation of a Delafossite CuCrO2 Hole Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells,” J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 469-277 (2018)
  47. S. Thampy, N. Ashburn, T. J. Martin, C. Li, Y. Zheng, J. Y. Chan, K. Cho, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Effect of R-site Element on Crystalline Phase and Thermal Stability of Fe Substituted Mn-Mullite Oxides: R2(Mn1-xFex)4O10-δ (R = Y, Sm or Bi; x = 0, 0.5, 1),” RSC Advances 8, 28-37 (2018)
  48. E. Motaharifar, R. G. Pierce, R. Islam, R. Henderson, Julia W. P. Hsu, and M, Lee, "Broadband Terahertz Refraction Index Dispersion and Loss of Polymeric Dielectric Substrate and Packaging Materials," J. Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 39 (1), 93-104 (2018)
  49. R. Yue, Y. Nie, L. A. Walsh, R. Addou, C. Liang, N. Lu, A. T. Barton, H. Zhu, Z. Che, D. Barrera, L. Cheng, P.-R. Cha, M. J. Kim, J. W. P. Hsu, J. Kim, L. Colombo, Y. J. Chabal, R. M. Wallace, K. Cho, and C. L. Hinkle, " Nucleation and Growth of WSe2: Enabling Larger Grain Transition metal Dichalcogenides," 2D Materials 4, 045019 (2017)
  50. D. Barrera, A. Jawaid, T. B. Daunis, L. Cheng, Q. Wang, Y.-J. Lee, M. J. Kim, J. Kim, R. A. Vaia, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Inverted OPVs with MoS2 Hole Transport Layer deposited by Spray Coating, " Materials Today Energy 5, 107-111 (2017)
  51. L. Xu, J. Wang, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Structural Order: the Dominant Factor for Non-geminate Recombination in Organic Photovoltaic Devices," J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 9242-9248 (2017)
  52. T. B. Daunis, G. Futierrez-Heredia, O. Rodriguez-Lopez, J. Wang, W. E. Voit, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Solution-deposited Al2O3 dielectric towards Fully-patterned Thin Film Transistors on Shape Memory Polymer," Proceedings of SPIE, Oxide-based Materials and Devices VIII, 101051Z (2017)
  53. M. D. Womble, J. Herbsommer, Y.-J. Lee, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Understanding the Source of Dielectric Loss in Titania/Polypropolyne Nanocomposites up to 220 GHz," Proceedings of SPIE, Optical Interconnects XVII, 1010908 (2017)
  54. S. Thampy, Y. Zheng, S, Dillon, C. Liu, Y. Jangjou, Y.-J. Lee, W. S. Epling, K. Xiong, Y. J. Chabal, K. Cho, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Superior Catalytic Performance of Mn-Mullite over Mn-Perovskite for NO Oxidation," Catalysis Today 310, 195-201 (2018)
  55. R. Longo, R. Addou, KC Santosh, Ji-young Noh, C. Smyth, D. Barrera, J. W. P. Hsu, R. M. Wallace, K. Cho, "Intrinsic Air Stability Mechanisms of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Surfaces: Basal vs. Edge Oxidation," 2D Materials 4, 025050 (2017)
  56. D. Barrera, Q. Wang, Y.-J. Lee, L. Cheng, M. J. Kim, J. Kim, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Solution Synthesis of Few-layer 2H MX2 (M=Mo,W;X=S,Se)," J. Mater. Chem. C 5, 2859-2864 (2017)
  57. J. Wang, L. Xu, B. Zhang, Y.-J. Lee, and J. W. P. Hsu, "N-type Doping Induced by Electron Transport Layer in Organic Photovoltaic Devices," Adv. Electron. Mater. 3, 1600458 (2017)
  58. L. Xu, J. Wang, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Transport Effects on Capacitance-Frequency Analysis for Defect Characterization in Organic Photovoltaic Devices," Phys. Rev. Applied 6, 064020 (2016)
  59. L. Xu, J. Wang, M. De Anda Villa, T. B. Daunis, Yun-Ju Lee, A. V. Malko, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Quantitative Analyses of Competing Photocurrent Generation Mechanisms in Fullerene-based Organic Photovoltaics," J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 16470-16477 (2016)
  60. S. Thampy , V. Ibarra , Y.-J. Lee , G. McCool , K. Cho , and J. W.P. Hsu, "Effect of Synthesis Conditions on Structure and NO Adsorption Properties of SmMn2O5," Appl. Surf. Sci. 385, 490-497 (2016)
  61. L. Tzabari, J. Wang, Y.-J. Lee, J. W. P. Hsu, and N. Tessler, "Role of Contact Injection, Exciton Dissociation and Recombination - Revealed Through Voltage and Intensity Mapping of the Quantum Efficiency of Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells," J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 10146-10155 (2016)
  62. J. Wang, Y.-J. Lee, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Sub-10 nm Copper Chromium Oxide Nanocrystals as Solution Processed p-Type Hole Transport Layer for Organic Solar Cells," J. Mater. Chem. C 4 , 3607-3613 (2016)
  63. C. Li, S. Thampy, Y. Zheng, M. Kweun, Y. Ren, J. Y. Chan, H. Kim, M. Cho, Y. Y. Kim, J. W.P. Hsu, and K. Cho, "Thermal Stability of Mullite RMn2O5 (R = Bi, Y, Gd, Pr, or Sm): Combined Density Functional Theory and Experimental Study," J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 28, 125602 (2016)
  64. J. Huang, A. T. Lucero, H. Zhang, L. Cheng, S, KC, J. Wang, M. Quevedo-Lopez, J. W. P. Hsu, K. Cho, and J. Kim, "Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Semiconductor Thin Films Deposited using Molecular-Atomic Layer Deposition (MALD)," J. Mater. Chem. C 4, 2382-2389 (2016)
  65. Y.-J. Lee, B. Adkison, L. Xu, A. A. Kramer, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Comparison of Conventional and Inverted Organic Photovoltaic Devices with Controlled Illumination Area and Extraction Layers," Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 144, 592-599 (2016)
  66. J. Wang, L. Xu, Y.-J. Lee, M. De Anda Villa, A. V. Malko, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Effects of Contact-Induced Doping on the Behaviors of Organic Photovoltaic Devices," Nano Letters 15, 7627-7632 (2015)
  67. R. Addou, S. McDonnell, D. Barrera, Z. Guo, A. Azcatl, J. Wang, H. Zhu, C. L. Hinkle, M. Quevedo-Lopez, H. N. Alshareef, L. Colombo, J. W. P. Hsu, and R. M. Wallace, "Impurities and Electronic Property Variations of Natural MoS2 Crystal Surfaces," ACS Nano 9, 9124-9133 (2015)
  68. L. Xu, J. Wang, Y.-J. Lee, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Relating Non-geminate Recombination to Charge-Transfer States in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices," J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 19628-19633 (2015)
  69. J. Wang, V. Ibarra, D. Barrera, L. Xu, Y.-J. Lee, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Solution Synthesized p-Type Copper Gallium Oxide Nanoplates as Hole Transport Layer for Organic Photovoltaic Devices," J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 1071-1075 (2015)
  70. Y.-J. Lee, D. Barrera, J. Wang and J. W. P. Hsu, "General Method to Synthesize Ultrasmall Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Suspensions for Hole Contact Layers in Organic Photovoltaic Devices," MRS Comm. 5, 45-50 (2015)
  71. P. Huang, J. Du, S. S. Gunathilake, E. A. Rainbolt, J. Murphy, K. T. Black, D. Barrera, J. W. P. Hsu, B. E. Gnade, M. C. Stefan, M. C. Biewer, " Benzodifuran and benzodithiophene Donor-Acceptor Polymers for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells," J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 6980-6989 (2015) 10.1039/c5ta00936g
  72. R. Yue, A. T. Barton, H. Zhu, A. Azcatl, L. F. Pena, J. Wang, X. Peng, N. Lu, L. Cheng, R. Addou, S. McDonnell, L. Colombo, J. W. P. Hsu, J. Kim, M. J. Kim, R. M. Wallace, and C. L. Hinkle, "HfSe2 Thin Films: 2D transition Metal Dichalcogenides Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy," ACS Nano 9, 474-480 (2015)
  73. L. Xu, Y.-J. Lee, J. Wang, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Charge Collection in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices: An Impedance Spectroscopy Study," Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 123904 (2014)
  74. F. Liu, D. Chen, C. Wang, K. Luo, A. L. Briseno, J. W. P. Hsu, and T. P. Russell, "Molecular Weight Dependence of the Morphology in P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells," ACS Applied Materials Interfaces 6, 19876-19887 (2014)
  75. L. Tzabari, J. Wang, Y.-J. Lee, J. W. P. Hsu, and N. Tessler, "Role of Charge Transfer States in P3HT-Fullerene Solar Cells," J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 27681-27689(2014)
  76. J. Wang, C. Friedman, W. Cabrera, K. Tan, Y.-J. Lee, Y. J. Chabal, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Effect of Metal/Bulk-Heterojunction Interfacial Properties on Organic Photovoltaic Device Performance," J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 15288-15293 (2014)
  77. J. Wang, Y.-J. Lee, and J. W. P. Hsu, "One-step Synthesis of ZnO Nanocrystals in n-butanol with Bandgap Control: Applications in Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaic Devices," J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 18417-18423 (2014)
  78. D. Barrera, Y.-J. Lee, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Influence of ZnO Electron Transport Layer Processing on Bulk Heterojunction Active Layer Morphology and Organic Photovoltaics Performance," Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cells 125, 27-32 (2014)
  79. Y.-J. Lee, J. Wang, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Surface Photovoltage Characterization of Organic Photovoltaic Devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 173302 (2013)
  80. Y.-J. Lee, J. Wang, S. R. Cheng, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Solution Processed ZnO Hybrid Nanocomposite with Tailored Work Function for Improved Electron Transport Layer in Organic Photovoltaic Device," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5, 9128-9133 (2013)
  81. S. R. Cowan, J. Wang, J. Yi, Y.-J. Lee, D. C. Olson, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Intensity and Wavelength Dependence of Bimolecular Recombination in P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells: a White-Light Biased External Quantum Efficiency Study," J. Appl. Phys. 113, 154504 (2013)
  82. J. Wang, Y.-J. Lee, A. S. Chadha, J. Yi, M. L. Jespersen, J. J. Kelley, H. M. Hguyen, M. Nimmo, A. V. Malko, R. A. Vaia, W. Zhou, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Effect of Plasmonic Au Nanoparticles on Inverted Organic Solar Cell Performance," J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 85-91 (2012) 10.1021/jp309415u
  83. Y.-J. Lee, D. Barrera, K. Luo, and J. W. P. Hsu, "In Situ Chemical Oxidation of Ultrasmall MoOx Nanoparticles in Suspensions," J. Nanotechnology 2012, 95761 (2012)
  84. Y.-J. Lee, J. Yi, G. F. Gao, H. Koerner, K. Park, J. Wang, K. Luo, R. A. Vaia, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Low-temperature Solution Processed Molybdenum Oxide Nanoparticle Hole Transport Layers for Organic Photovoltaic Devices," Adv. Energy Mater. 2, 1193-1197 (2012)
  85. S. R. Ferreira, P. Lu, Y.-J. Lee, R. J. Davis, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Effect of Zinc Oxide Electron Transport Layers on Performance and Shelf Life of Organic Bulk Heterojunction Devices," J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 13471-13475 (2011)
  86. Y.-J. Lee, S. R. Ferreira, R. G. Copeland, D. L. Moore, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Development of Non-acidic Poly(ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) as Hole Transport Layer in Photovoltaic Devices," MRS Proceedings 1348, 1522 (2011)
  87. S. R. Ferreira, R. J. Davis, Y.-J. Lee, P. Lu, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Effect of Device Architecture on Hybrid Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle:Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Blend Solar Cell Performance and Stability," Organic Electronics 12, 1258 (2011)
  88. L. F. Drummy, R. J. Davis, D. L. Moore, M. Durstock, R. A. Vaia, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Molecular-scale and Nano-scale Morphology of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunctions: Energy Filtered TEM and Low Dose HREM," Chem. Matt. 23, 907-912 (2011)
  89. R. J. Davis, M. T. Lloyd, S. R. Ferreira, M. J. Bruzek, S. E. Watkins, L. Lindell, P. Sehati, M. Fahlman, J. E. Anthony, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Determination of Energy Level Alignment at Interfaces of Hybrid and Organic Solar Cells under Ambient Environment," J. Mater. Chem. 21, 1721-1729 (2011)
  90. J. A. Floro, J. Michael, L. N. Brewer, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Preferred Heteroepitaxial Orientations of ZnO Nanorods on Ag," J. Mater. Res. 25, 1352 (2010)
  91. C. Zhou, A. Trionfi, J. W. P. Hsu, and A. V. Walker, "Electron Beam Induced Damage of Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Mononlayers (SAMs): Monolayer Structure and Substrate Conductivity," J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 9362-9369 (2010)
  92. Y.-J. Lee, R. J. Davis, M. T. Lloyd, P. P. Provencio, R. P. Prasankumar, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Open-circuit Voltage Improvement in Hybrid ZnO-Polymer Photovoltaic Devices with Oxide Engineering," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics on Next-Generation Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells 16, 1587-1594 (2010)
  93. P. Lu, L. N. Brewer, P. G. Kotula, M. Rodriguez, E. Webb, J. W. P. Hsu, "Electron Diffraction Spectral Imaging and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Structural Mapping of Amorphous and Nano-crystalline Composites," Microscopy and Microanalysis 16, 272-273 (2010)
  94. C. Zhou, A. Trionfi, J. C. Jones, J. W. P. Hsu, and A. V. Walker, "Comparison of Chemical Lithography using Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers on GaAs (001) and Au," Langmuir 26, 4523-4528 (2010)
  95. D. A. Scrymgeour, C. Highstrete, Y.-J. Lee, J. W. P. Hsu, and M. Lee, "High Frequency Impedance Measurements on ZnO Nanorod Arrays," J. Appl. Phys. 107, 064312 (2010)
  96. M. T. Lloyd, Y.-J. Lee, R. J. Davis, E. Fang, R. M. Fleming, R. J. Kline, M. F. Toney, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Improved Efficiency in Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/Zinc Oxide Solar Cells via Lithium Incorporation," J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 17608-17612 (2009)
  97. H. Koerner, J. Kelley, J. George, L. Drummy, P. Mirau, N. S. Bell, J. W. P. Hsu, and R. A. Vaia, "ZnO Nanorod - Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites: Morphology and Shape Memory Performance," Macromolecules 42, 8933-8942 (2009)
  98. D. H. Wang, J. D. Jacobs, A. Trionfi, M. J. Arlen, J. W. P. Hsu, R. A. Vaia, and L.-S. Tan, "In-Situ Synthesis and Thermal-Electrical Properties of CP2-Polyimide/Pristine and Amine-Functionalized Carbon Nanofiber Composites," SPIE Proceedings N. 7493 for Second International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering (SMN2009), 7/8-11/2009, 74931Q(2009)
  99. E. D. Spoerke, M. T. Lloyd, E. S. Martin, D. C. Olson, Y.-J. Lee, J. A. Voigt, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Improved Performance of P3HT/ZnO Hybrid Photovoltaics Modified with Interfacial Nanocrystalline Cadmium Sulfide," Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 213506 (2009)
  100. C. Zhou, J. C. Jones, A. Trionfi, J. W. P. Hsu, and A. V. Walker, "Electron Beam Induced Damage of Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) Adsorbed on GaAs (001): A Static SIMS Investigation," J. Phys. Chem. C. 114, 5400-5409 (2010)
  101. M. T. Lloyd, D. C. Olson, P. Lu, E. Fang, D. L. Moore, M. S. White, M. O. Reese, D. S. Ginley, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Impact of Contact Evolution on the Shelf Life of Organic Solar Cells," J. Mater. Chem. + Cover 19, 7638-7642 (2009)
  102. Y.-J. Lee, M. T. Lloyd, D. C. Olson, R. K. Grubbs, R. J. Davis, J. A. Voigt, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Optimization of ZnO Nanorod Array Morphology for Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices," J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 15778-15782 (2009)
  103. M. T. Lloyd, R. P. Prosankumar, M. B. Sinclair, A. C. Mayer, D. C. Olson, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Impact of Interfacial Polymer Morphology on Photoexcitation Dynamics and Device Performance in P3HT/ZnO Heterjunction," J. Mater. Chem. 19, 4609-4614 (2009)
  104. E. D. Spoerke, M. T. Lloyd, Y.-J. Lee, T. N. Lambert, B. B. McKenzie, Y.-B. Jiang, D. C. Olson, T. L. Sounart, J. W. P. Hsu, and J. A. Voigt, "NanoCrystal Layer Deposition: Surface-Mediated Templating of Cadmium Sulfide Nanocrystals on Zinc Oxide Architectures," J. Phys. Chem. C. 113, 16329-16336 (2009)
  105. A. Trionfi, D. H. Wang, J. D. Jacobs, L.-S. Tan, R. A. Vaia, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Direct Measurement of the Percolation Probability in Carbon Nanofiber-Polyimide Nanocomposites," Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 116601 (2009)
  106. J. J. Uhlrich, T. F. Kuech, D. C. Olson, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Surface Chemistry and Surface Electronic Properties of ZnO Single Crystals and Nanorods," J. Vac. Sci Technol. A 27, 328-335 (2009)
  107. D. A. Scrymgeour and J. W. P. Hsu, "Absence of Elastic Clamping in Quantitative Piezoelectric Force Microscopy Measurements of Nanostructures," Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 233114 (2008)
  108. D. M. Rosu, J. C. Jones, J. W. P. Hsu, K. L. Kavanagh, D. Tsankov, U. Schade, N. Esser, and K. Hinrichs, "Molecular Orientation of Octanedithiol and Hexadecanethiol on GaAs and Au," Langmuir 25, 919-923 (2009)
  109. A. Trionfi, D. A. Scrymgeour, J. W. P. Hsu, M. J. Arlen, D. Tomlin, J. D. Jacobs, D. H. Wang, L.-S. Tan, and R. A. Vaia, "Direct Imaging of Current Paths in Multi-walled Carbon Nanofiber Polymer Nanocomposites Using Conducting-Tip Atomic Force Microscopy," J. Appl. Phys. 104, 083708 (2008)
  110. M. J. Arlen, D. Wang, J. D. Jacobs, R. Justice, A. Trionfi, J. W. P. Hsu, D. Schaffer, L.-S. Tan, R. A. Vaia, "Thermal-Electrical Character of In Situ Synthesized Polyimide-Grafted Carbon Nanofiber Composites," Macromolecules 41, 8053-8062 (2008)
  111. T. C. Monson, M. T. Lloyd, D. C. Olson, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Photocurrent Enhancement in Polythiophene and Aklanethiol Modified ZnO Solar Cells," Adv. Mater. 20, 4755-4759 (2008)
  112. D. A. Scrymgeour and J. W. P. Hsu, "Correlated Piezoelectric and Electrical Properties in Individual ZnO Nanorods," Nano Lett 8, 2204-2209 (2008)
  113. D. C. Olson, Y.-J. Lee, M. S. White, N. Kopidakis, S. E. Shaheen, D. S. Ginley, J. A. Voigt, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Effect of ZnO Processing on the Photovoltage of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/ZnO Solar Cells," J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 9544-9547 (2008)
  114. Y.-J. Lee, D. S. Ruby, D. W. Peters, B. B. McKenzie, and J. W. P. Hsu, "ZnO Nanostructures as Efficient Antireflection Layers for Solar Cells," Nano Lett. 8, 1501-1505 (2008)
  115. Y.-J. Lee, T. L. Sounart, J. Liu, E. D. Spoerke, B. B. McKenzie, J. W. P. Hsu, J. A. Voigt, "Tunable Arrays of Oriented ZnO Nanorods and Nanoneedles via Solution Chemistry," Cryst. Growth Des. 8, 2036-2040 (2008)
  116. A. Ahktari-Zavareh, W.-J. Li, K. L. Kavanagh, A. Trionfi, J. C. Jones, J. L. Reno, A. A. Talin, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Au/Ag and Au/Pd Molecular Contacts to GaAs," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 26, 1597-1601 (2008)
  117. J. W. P. Hsu, W. M. Clift, and L. N. Brewer, "Controlling Zinc Oxide Morphology using Self-Assembled Monolayers: Effect of End Groups," Langmuir 24, 5375-5381 (2008)
  118. M. E. Coltrin, J. W. P. Hsu, D. A. Scrymgeour, J. R. Creighton, N. C. Simmons, and C. M. Matzke, "Chemical Kinetics and Mass Transport Effects in Solution-Based Selective-Area Growth of ZnO Nanorods," J. Cryst. Growth 310, 584-593 (2008)
  119. D. C. Olson, M. S. White, Y.-J. Lee, N. Kopidakis, S. E. Shaheen, D. S. Ginley, J. A. Voigt, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Effect of Polymer Processing on the Performance of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/ZnO Nanorod Photovoltaic Devices," J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 16640-16645 (2007)
  120. W. -J. Li, K. L. Kavanagh, A. A. Talin, W. M. Clift, C. M. Matzke, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Ballistic Electron and Photocurrent Transport in Au-molecular layer-GaAs Diodes" J. Appl. Phys. 102, 013703 (2007)
  121. Y.-J. Lee, T. L. Sounart, D. A. Scrymgeour, E. D. Spoerke, J. A. Voigt, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Control of ZnO Nanorod Array Orientation Synthesized via a Two-step Seeded Solution Growth Process," J. Crys. Growth 304, 80-85 (2007)
  122. D. A. Scrymgeour, T. L. Sounart, N. C. Simmons, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Polarity and Piezoelectric Response of Solution Grown Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals on Silver," J. Appl. Phys. 101, 014316-1 - 6 (2007)
  123. T.-W. Lee and J. W. P. Hsu, "Molecular Monolayer Modification of Anodes in Organic Light-emitting Diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 223511-1 - 3 (2006)
  124. J. W. P. Hsu, D. R. Tallant, R. L. Simpson, N. A. Missert, and R. G. Copeland, "Luminescent Properties of Solution Grown ZnO Nanorods," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 252103-1 - 3 (2006)
  125. Y. Jun, X. Y. Zhu, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Formation of Alkanethiol and Alkanedithiol Monolayers on GaAs (001)," Langmuir 22, 3627-3632 (2006)
  126. N. A. Chang, J. Richardson, P. G. Clem, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Additive Patterning of Conductors and Superconductors by Solution Stamping Nanolithography," Small 2, 75-79 (2006)
  127. T. L. Sounart, J. Liu, J. A. Voigt, J. W. P. Hsu, E. D. Spoerke, Z. R. Tian, and Y. Jiang, "Sequential Nucleation and Growth of Complex Nanostructured Films," feature article and cover in Adv. Func. Mater. 16, 335-344 (2006)
  128. T.-W. Lee and J. W. P. Hsu, "Improving organic/electrode interface in organic light-emitting diodes by soft contact lamination," Proc. IMechE Part N: J. Nanoengineering and Nanosystems 219, 1-9 (2005)
  129. T.-W. Lee, S. Jeon, J. Maria, J. Zaumseil, J. W. P. Hsu, and J. A. Rogers, "Soft-contact Optical Lithography Using Transparent Elastomeric Stamps: Application to Nanopatterned Organic Light-Emitting Devides," Adv. Func. Mater. 15, 1435-1439 (2005)
  130. W.-J. Li, K. L. Kavanagh, C. M. Matzke, A. A. Talin, F. Leonard, S. Faleev, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Ballistic Electron Emission Studies of Au/molecule/n-GaAs Diodes," J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 6252-6256 (2005)
  131. J. W. P. Hsu, D. V. Lang, K. W. West, Y.-L. Loo, M. D. Halls, and K. Raghavachari, "Probing Occupied States of the Molecular Layer in Au-alkanedithiol-GaAs Diodes," J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 5719-5723 (2005)
  132. J. W. P. Hsu, Z. R. Tian, N. C. Simmons, C. M. Matzke, J. A. Voigt, and J. Liu, "Bottom-up Assembly of ZnO Nanorods on Surfaces using Organic Templates," Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 229, 70-PMSE part 2, U1113-U1114 (2005)
  133. T.-W. Lee, O. Mitrofanov, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Pattern Transfer Fidelity in Soft Lithography: the Role of Pattern Density and Aspect Ratio," Adv. Func. Mater. 15, 1683-1688 (2005)
  134. J. W. P. Hsu, Z. R. Tian, N. C. Simmons, C. M. Matzke, J. A. Voigt, and J. Liu, "Spatial Organization of ZnO Nanorods on Surfaces via Organic Templating," Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) 5592 , 158-163 (2005)
  135. J. W. P. Hsu, Z. R. Tian, N. C. Simmons, C. M. Matzke, J. A. Voigt, and J. Liu, "Directed Spatial Organization of Zinc Oxide Nanorods," Nano Lett. 5, 83-86 (2005)
  136. T.-W. Lee, J. Zaumseil, S. H. Kim, and J. W. P. Hsu, "High-efficiency Soft-contact-laminated Polymer Light-emitting Devices with Patterned Electrodes," Adv. Mater. 16, 2040-2045 (2004)
  137. T.-W. Lee, J. Zaumseil, Z. Bao, J. W. P. Hsu, and J. A. Rogers, "Organic Light-emitting Diodes formed by Soft Contact Lamination," Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 101, 429-433 (2004)
  138. J. Zaumseil, M. A. Meitl, J. W. P. Hsu, B. R. Acharya, K. W. Baldwin, Y.-L. Loo, and J. A. Rogers, "Three-dimensional and Multilayer Nanostructures Formed by Nanotransfer Printing," Nano Lett. 3, 1223-1227 (2003)
  139. J. W. P. Hsu, F. F. Schrey, and H. M. Ng, "Spatial Distribution of Yellow Luminescence Related Deep Levels in GaN," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 4172-4173 (2003)
  140. A. L. Campillo, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Intensity and Phase Mapping of Guided Light in LiNbO3 Waveguides using an Interferometric Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope," Appl. Op. 42, 7149-7156 (2003)
  141. J. W. P. Hsu, N. G. Weimann, M. J. Manfra, K. W. West, D. V. Lang, F. F. Schrey, O. Mitrofanov, and R. J. Molnar, "Effect of Dislocations on Local Transconductance in AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures as Imaged by Scanning Gate Microscopy," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 4559-4561 (2003)
  142. T.-W. Lee, O. Mitrofanov, C. A. White, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Fabrication of Polymer Photonic Crystals by Two-photon Nanolithography," Proceedings of MRS 2003 Spring Meeting 776, Q8.32.1-Q8.32.6 (2003)
  143. J. W. P. Hsu, Y.-L. Loo, D. V. Lang, and J. A. Rogers, "Nature of Electrical Contact in a Metal-Molecule-Semiconductor System," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 21, 1928-1935 (2003)
  144. Y.-L. Loo, D. V. Lang, J. A. Rogers, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Electrical Contacts to Molecular Layers by Nanotransfer Printing," Nano Lett. 3, 913-917 (2003)
  145. M. Q. Baines, D. Cherns, J. W. P. Hsu, and M. J. Manfra, "Effect of Growth Stoichiometry on the GaN Dislocation Core Structure," Proceedings of Materials Research Society 743, L2.5.1-L2.5.6 (2003)
  146. A. L. Campillo, C. K. Madsen, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Near-field Scanning Probe Microscopy Study of Wavelength Dependence in a Multimode Interference Coupler," Opt. Lett. 28, 1111-1113 (2003)
  147. J. W. P. Hsu, F. F. Schrey, M. J. Matthews, S. Gu, and T. F. Kuech, "Impurity Effects on Photoluminescence in Lateral Epitaxially Overgrown GaN," J. Electron. Mater. 32, 322-326 (2003)
  148. F. F. Schrey, E. E. Chaban, M. J. Matthews, and J. W. P. Hsu, "A Microscope for Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Lithography at the Nanometer Scale: Combination of a Two-photon Laser Scanning Optical Microscope and an Atomic Force Microscope," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 1211-1216 (2003)
  149. A. L. Campillo, J. W. P. Hsu, K. Parameswaran, and M. M. Fejer, "Direct Imaging of Multimode Interference in a Channel Waveguide," Op. Lett. 28, 399-401 (2003)
  150. J. F. Federici, O. Mitrofanov, M. Lee, J. W. P. Hsu, I. Brener, R. Harel, J. D. Wynn, L. N. Pfeiffer, and K. W. West, "Terahertz Near-field Imaging," Physics in Medicine and Biology 47, 3727-3734 (2002)
  151. N. G. Weimann, M. J. Manfra, J. W. P. Hsu, K. Baldwin, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. W. West, S. N. G. Chu, D. V. Lang, and R. J. Molnar, "AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Sapphire, SiC, and HVPE GaN Templates," Proceedings of IEEE Lester Eastman Conference on High Performance Devices, 126-133 (2002)
  152. H. M. Ng, C. Gmachl, J. D. Heber, J. W. P. Hsu, S. N. G. Chu, and A. Y. Cho, "Recent Progress in GaN-based Superlattices for Near-infrared Intersubband Transitions," Phys. Stat. Sol. 234, 817-821 (2002)
  153. J. W. P. Hsu, H. M. Ng, A. M. Sergent, and S. N. G. Chu, "Scanning Kelvin Force Microscopy Imaging of Surface Potential Variation near Threading Dislocations in GaN," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3579-3581 (2002)
  154. Y.-L. Loo, J. W. P. Hsu, R. L. Willett, K. W. Baldwin, K. W. West, and J. A. Rogers, "High-resolution Transfer Printing on GaAs Surfaces with Alkane Dithiol Sel-Assembled Monolayers," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2853-2856 (2002)
  155. M. J. Manfra, N. G. Weimann, J. W. P. Hsu, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. W. West, and S. N. G. Chu, "Dislocation and morphology control during molecular beam epitaxy of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures directly on sapphire substrates," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1456-1458 (2002)
  156. R. L. Willett, J. W. P. Hsu, K. W. West, and L. N. Pfeiffer, "Experimental Examination of Anisotropic Transport in the High Landau Levels of the Correlated 2D Electron System," Institue of Physics Conference Series 174, 223-226 (2003)
  157. J. W. P. Hsu, M. J. Manfra, R. J. Molnar, B. Heying, and J. S. Speck, "Direct Imaging of Reverse-bias Leakage through Pure Screw Dislocations in GaN Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on GaN Templates," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 79-81 (2002)
  158. M. J. Manfra, N. G. Weimann, J. W. P. Hsu, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. W. West, S. Syed, H. L. Stormer, W. Pan, D. V. Lang, S. N. G. Chu, G. Kowach, A. M. Sergent, J. Caissie, K. M. Molvar, L. J. Mahoney, and R. J. Molnar, "High Mobility AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures Grown by Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Semi-insulating GaN Templates Prepared by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy," J. Appl. Phys. 92, 338-345 (2002)
  159. A. L. Campillo, J. W. P. Hsu, and G. W. Bryant, "Local Imaging of Photonic Structures: Image Contrast from Impedance Mismatch," Opt. Lett. 27, 415-417 (2002)
  160. A. L. Campillo, J. W. P. Hsu, C. A. White, and C. D. W. Jones, "Direct Masurement of Guided Modes in LiNbO3 Waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 2239-2241 (2002)
  161. A. L. Campillo and J. W. P. Hsu, "Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscope Studies of the Anisotropic Stress Variations in Patterned SiN Membranes," J. Appl. Phys. 91, 646-651 (2002)
  162. M. J. Matthews, J. W. P. Hsu, S. Gu, and T. F. Kuech, "Carrier Density Imaging of Lateral Epitaxially Overgrown GaN using Scanning Confocal Raman Microscopy," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3086-3089 (2001)
  163. C. D. Lee, A. Sagar, R. M. Feenstra, W. L. Sarney, L. Salamanca-Riba, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Growth of GaN on SiC(0001) by Molecular Beam Epitaxy," Phys. Stat. Sol. A 188, 595-599 (2001)
  164. J. W. P. Hsu, M. J. Matthews, D. Abusch-Magder, R. N. Kleiman, D. V. Lang, S. Richter, S. Gu, and T. F. Kuech, "Spatial Variation of Electrical Properties in Lateral Epitaxial Overgrown GaN," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 761-763 (2001)
  165. O. Mitrofanov, M. Lee, J. W. P. Hsu, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. W. West, J. D. Wynn, and J. Federici, "Terahertz Pulse Propagation through Small Apertures," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 907-909 (2001)
  166. J. W. P. Hsu, M. J. Manfra, S. N. G. Chu, C. H. Chen, and L. N. Pfeiffer, "Effect of Growth Stoichiometry on the Screw Dislocation Electrical Activity in GaN Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3980-3982 (2001)
  167. O. Mitrofanov, M. Lee, J. W. P. Hsu, I. Brener, R. Harel, J. Federici, J. D. Wynn, L. N. Pfeiffer, and K. W. West, "Collection Mode Near-field Imaging with 0.5 THz Pulses," IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics - Ultrafast Phenomena 7, 600-607 (2001)
  168. J. W. P. Hsu, D. V. Lang, M. J. Manfra, S. Richter, S. N. G. Chu, A. M. Sergent, R. N. Kleiman, L. N. Pfeiffer, and R. J. Molnar, "Scanning Probe Studies of Defect Dominated Electronic Transport in GaN," in III-Nitride based Semiconductor Electronics and Optical Devices and Thirty-fourth State-of-the-art Program on Compound Semiconductors (SOTAPOCS XXXIV), ed. by F. Ren, D. N. Buckley, S. N. G. Chu, and S. J. Pearton, Electrochemcial Society Proceedings of the International Symposia 2001-1, 37-50 (2001)
  169. J. W. P. Hsu, M. J. Manfra, D. V. Lang, S. Richter, S. N. G. Chu, A. M. Sergent, R. N. Kleiman, L. N. Pfeiffer, and R. J. Molnar, "Inhomogeneous Spatial Distribution of Reverse Bias Leakage in GaN Schottky Diodes grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 1685-1687 (2001)
  170. M. H. Gray, J. W. P. Hsu, L. M. Giovane, and M. T. Bulsara, "Origin of Misfit Dislocation Network Electrical Activity in Relaxed GeSi Films," Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3598-3601 (2001)
  171. A. L. Campillo, J. W. P. Hsu, C. A. White, and A. Rosenberg, "Mapping Optical Intensity Distributions in Photonic Crystals Using a Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope," J. Appl. Phys. 89, 2801-2807 (2001)
  172. J. W. P. Hsu, M. J. Manfra, D. V. Lang, K. W. Balwin, L. N. Pfeiffer, and R. J. Molnar, "Surface Morphology and Electronic Properties of Dislocations in AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures," J. Electron. Mater. 30, 110-114 (2001)
  173. J. W. P. Hsu, D. V. Lang, S. Richter, R. N. Kleinman, A. M. Sergent, and R. J. Molnar, "Impurity Band Conduction in the Interfacial Regions of GaN Films Grown by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy," J. Electron. Mater. 30, 115-122 (2001)
  174. M. J. Manfra, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. W. West, H. L. Stormer, K. W. Baldwin, J. W. P. Hsu, D. V. Lang, and R. J. Molnar, "High Mobility AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on GaN Templates Prepared by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2888-2890 (2000)
  175. R. L. Willett, J. W. P. Hsu, D. Natelson, K. W. West, and L. N. Pfeiffer, "Anisotropic Disorder in High Mobility 2D Heterostructures and its Correlations to Electron Transport," Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 126803 1-4 (2001)
  176. J. W. P. Hsu, D. V. Lang, S. Richter, R. N. Kleinman, A. M. Sergent, and R. J. Molnar, "Nature of Highly Conducting Interfacial Regions in GaN Films," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2873-2875 (2000)
  177. J. W. P. Hsu, "Semiconductor Defect Studies Using Scanning Probes," Microscopy & Microanalysis 6, Supplement 2, 704-705 (2000)
  178. M. H. Gray and J. W. P. Hsu, "Temperature Dependence of Dislocation Photoresponse in Relaxed GeSi Films, " Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1294-1296 (2000)
  179. R. A. Bley, J. R. Scully, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Microstructure Dependence of Nanometer Corrosion in Al-Ni-Y Glassy Alloys," Phil. Mag. Lett. 80, 85-94 (2000)
  180. Q. Xu, J. W. P. Hsu, J. A. Carlin, R. M. Sieg, J. Boeckl, S. A. Ringel, "Topographic and Electronic Studies of Wedge Shape Surface Defects in GaAs/AlGaAs Films Grown on Ge Substrates," Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2111-2113 (1999)
  181. M. H. Gray and J. W. P. Hsu, "A Variable Cryogenic Temperature Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 3355-3361 (1999)
  182. J. E. Sweitzer, J. R. Scully, R. A. Bley, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Nanocrystalline Al87Ni8.7Y4.3 and Al90Fe5Gd5 Alloys that Retain the Localized Corrosion Resistance of the Amorphous State," Electrochemical and. Solid State Lett. 2, 267-270 (1999)
  183. J. W. P. Hsu, E. B. McDaniel, A. L. Campillo, S. C. Gausepohl, Mark Lee, R. A. Rao, and C. B. Eom, "Microstructural Defects in Bicrystal Substrates and Their Influence on Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide Grain Boundary Josephson Junctions," IEEE Trans. on Appl. Supercond. 9 (2 part of 3), 3413-3416 (1999)
  184. Q. Xu and J. W. P. Hsu, "Electrostatic Force Microscope Studies of Surface Defects on GaAs/Ge Films," J. Appl. Phys. 85, 2465-2472 (1999)
  185. Q. Xu and J. W. P. Hsu, "Direct Measurement of Surface Defect Level Associated with GaAs Antiphase Boundaries," Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 612-615 (1999)
  186. J. W. P. Hsu, M. H. Gray, and Q. Xu, "Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy Studies of Individual Dislocations in Relaxed GeSi Films," Microscopy & Microanalysis 4, Supplement 2, 610-611 (1998)
  187. J. W. P. Hsu, E. B. McDaniel and S. C. McClain, "Development of Polarization Modulation Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope and Its Application to Mapping Defect-induced Birefringence in SrTiO3 Bicrystals," Microscopy & Microanalysis 4, Supplement 2, 314-315 (1998)
  188. D. Pan, J. Xu, E. Towe, Q. Xu, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Self-organization of (In,Ga)As/GaAs Quantum Dots on Relaxed (In,Ga)As Films," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2164-2166 (1998)
  189. E. B. McDaniel and J. W. P. Hsu, "Direct Imaging of Defect-Induced Birefringence in SrTiO3 Bicrystals," J. Appl. Phys. 84, 189-193 (1998)
  190. G. W. Bryant, E. L. Shirley, L. S. Goldner, E. B. McDaniel, J. W. P. Hsu, and R. J. Tonucci, "Theory for Imaging a Photonic Lattice with Transmission Near-field Optical Microscopy," Phys. Rev. B 58, 2131-2141 (1998)
  191. Q. Xu, J. W. P. Hsu, S. M. Ting, E. A. Fitzgerald, R. M. Sieg, and S. A. Ringel, "Scanning Force Microscopy Studies of GaAs Films Grown on offcut Ge Substrates," J. Electron. Mater. 27, 1010-1016 (1998)
  192. M. H. Gray and J. W. P. Hsu, "Spatially Resolved Photoresponse of Relaxed GeSi Films Studied at Varying Temperatures and with Linearly Polarized Light," Proceedings of 1997 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium 1, 323-326 (1997)
  193. J. W. P. Hsu, M. H. Gray, and Q. Xu, "Nanometer Scale Studies of Defects in Semiconductor Films by Near-field Optical Beam Induced Current," Proceedings of Defect Recognition and Image VII, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. 160, 27-36 (1997)
  194. E. B. McDaniel, S. C. McClain, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Nanometer Scale Polarimetry Studies using a Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope," Appl. Opt. 37, 84-92 (1998)
  195. A. A. McDaniel, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Origins of Contrast in Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy Photovoltage Images of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells," Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 472, 209-213 (1997)
  196. E. B. McDaniel, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Measurement of Strain Associated with Defects in SrTiO3 Bicrystals Using Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy," Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 474, 131-136 (1997)
  197. J. W. P. Hsu, E. B. McDaniel, R. A. Rao, and C. B. Eom, "Microstructural Defects in SrTiO3 Bicrystals and Their Influence on YBa2Cu3O7 Film Growth," Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 474, 91-98 (1997)
  198. C. Y. Mou and J. W. P. Hsu, "Continuum Model Description of Thin Film Surface Morphology," Phys. Rev. E 56, 1522-1530 (1997)
  199. A. A. McDaniel, J. W. P. Hsu, and A. M. Gabor, "Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy Studies of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells," Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 3555-3557 (1997)
  200. J. W. P. Hsu, A. A. McDaniel, and H. D. Hallen, "A Shear Force Feedback for Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopes without Lock-in Detection," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3093-3095 (1997)
  201. E. B. McDaniel, S. C. Gausepohl, C. T. Li, Mark Lee, J. W. P. Hsu, R. A. Rao, and C. B. Eom, "The Influence of Microstructure Defects in SrTiO3 bicrystals on YBa2Cu3O7 Grain Boundary Josephson Junctions," Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 1882-1884 (1997)
  202. Q. Xu, M. H. Gray, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Resolution and Contrast in Near-field Photocurrent Imaging of Defects in Semiconductors," J. Appl. Phys. 82, 748-755 (1997)
  203. E. B. McDaniel and J. W. P. Hsu, "Anomalous Index Contrast due to Point Source Illumination in Scanning Optical Microscopy," J. Appl. Phys. 81, 2488-2491 (1997)
  204. Y. T. Yang, D. Heh, P. K. Wei, W. S. Fann, M. H. Gray, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Vibration Dynamics of Near-field Optical Probes," J. Appl. Phys. 81, 1623-1627 (1997)
  205. R. A. Rao, Q. Gan, C. B. Eom, Y. Suzuki, A. A. McDaniel, and J. W. P. Hsu, "Uniform Deposition of YBa2Cu3O7 Thin Films over an 8" Diameter Area by 90° Off-axis Sputtering Technique," Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3911-3913 (1996)
  206. J. W. P. Hsu, E. B. McDaniel, L. S. Goldner, R. J. Tonucci, E. L. Shirley, and G. W. Bryant, "Probing Optical Mode Structures in a Photonic Crystal using a Near-field Optical Microscope," Proceedings of IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1996 Annual Meeting, 111-112 (1996)
  207. E. B. McDaniel, J. W. P. Hsu, L. S. Goldner, R. J. Tonucci, E. L. Shirley, and G. W. Bryant, "Local Characterization of Transmission Properties of a Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal," Phys. Rev. B 55, 10878-10882 (1997)
  208. J. W. P. Hsu, M. H. Gray, and Q. Xu, "Scanning Probe Microscopy Studies of Electrically Active Defects in Lattice Mismatched Films," Scanning Microscopy 11, (1997)
  209. E. B. McDaniel and J. W. P. Hsu, "Nanometer Scale Optical Studies of Twin Domains and Defects in Lanthanum Aluminate Crystals," J. Appl. Phys. 80, 1085-1093 (1996)
  210. Q. Xu, J. W. P. Hsu, E. A. Fitzgerald, J. M. Kuo, Y. H. Xie and P. J. Silverman, "Influence of Ga vs. As Prelayers on GaAs/Ge Growth Morphology," J. Elec. Mater. 25, 1009-1013 (1996)
  211. J. W. P. Hsu, E. A. Fitzgerald, Y. H. Xie, and P. J. Silverman, "Study of Electrically Active Defects in Relaxed GeSi Films Using a Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope," J. Appl. Phys. 79, 7743-7750 (1996)
  212. M. Lee, E. B. McDaniel, and J. W. P. Hsu, "An Impedance Based Non-Contact Feedback Control System for Scanning Probe Microscopes," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 1468-1471 (1996)
  213. C. Y. Mou and J. W. P. Hsu, "Scaling of Surface Roughness in a Heterogeneous Film Growth System: GexSi1-x on Si," Phys. Rev. B 53, R7610-7613(1996)
  214. S. K. Buratto, J. W. P. Hsu, L. Dhar, R. B. Byslma, C. C. Bahr, and M. J. Cardillo, "Surface Science Applied to Lasers: Near-field Optical Microscopy," Proceedings of SPIE 2547, 279-284 (1995)
  215. J. W. P. Hsu, E. A. Fitzgerald, Y. H. Xie, and P. J. Silverman, "Near-field Photoelectronic Studies of Nanometer-scale Defects in Relaxed GeSi Films," Proceedings of 1995 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium 1, 35-37 (1995)
  216. J. W. P. Hsu, Mark Lee, and B. S. Deaver, "A Non-optical Tip-sample Distance Control Method for Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy Using Impedance Changes in an Electromechanical System," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 3177-3181 (1995)
  217. J. W. P. Hsu, E. A. Fitzgerald, Y. H. Xie, and P. J. Silverman, "Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy Imaging of Individual Threading Dislocations on Relaxed GexSi1-x Films," Zoological Studies 34, Supplement I, 204-206 (1995)
  218. S. K. Buratto, J. W. P. Hsu, J. K. Trautman, E. Betzig, R. B. Bylsma, C. C. Bahr and M. J. Cardillo, "Imaging InGaAsP Quantum Well Lasers Using Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy," J. Appl. Phys. 76, 7720-7725 (1994)
  219. S. K. Buratto, J. W. P. Hsu, J. K. Trautman, E. Betzig, R. B. Bylsma, C. C. Bahr and M. J. Cardillo, "Near-Field Photoconductivity: Application to Carrier Transport in InGaAsP Quantum Well Lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 2654-2656 (1994)
  220. J. W. P. Hsu, E. A. Fitzgerald, Y. H. Xie, and P. J. Silverman, "Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy Imaging of Individual Threading Dislocations on Relaxed GexSi1-x Films," Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 344-346 (1994)
  221. J. W. P. Hsu, M. Yan, T. M. Jedju, L. J. Rothberg, and B. R. Hsieh, "Assignment of the Picosecond Photoinduced Absorption in Phenylene Vinylene Polymers," Phys. Rev. B 49, 712-715 (1994)
  222. L. J. Rothberg, J. W. P. Hsu, W. L. Wilson, T. M. Jedju, M. Yan, and B. R. Hsieh, "Photogenerated Processes in Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s," Proceedings of SPIE 1910, 122-134 (1993)
  223. J. W. P. Hsu, E. A. Fitzgerald, Y. H. Xie, P. J. Silverman, and M. J. Cardillo, "Process and Defect Induced Surface Morphology of Relaxed GexSi1-x Films," Proceedings of SPIE 1855, 118-128 (1993)
  224. C. B. Eom, R. J. Cava, R. M. Fleming, Julia M. Phillips, R. B. van Dover, J. H. Marshall, J. W. P. Hsu, J. J. Krajewski, and W. F. Peck, Jr., "Single-Crystal Epitaxial Thin Films of the Isotropic Metallic Oxides Sr1-xCaxRuO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)," Science 258, 1766-1769 (1992)
  225. J. W. P. Hsu, E. A. Fitzgerald, Y. H. Xie, P. J. Silverman, and M. J. Cardillo, "Surface Morphology of Relaxed GexSi1-x Films," Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 1293-1295 (1992)
  226. J. W. P. Hsu, C. C. Bahr, A. vom Felde, D. Miller, and M. J. Cardillo, "Carrier Excitation by Hyperthermal Xe Collisions at a Si(111):As Surface," Surface Science 276, 200-204 (1992)
  227. J. W. P. Hsu, C. C. Bahr, A. vom Felde, S. W. Downey, G. S. Higashi, and M. J. Cardillo, "(7x7) Dangling Bond Contribution to Surface Recombination," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10, 985-989 (1992)
  228. J. W. P. Hsu, C. C. Bahr, A. vom Felde, S. W. Downey, G. S. Higashi, and M. J. Cardillo, "Surface Effects on the Carrier Dynamics: Photoconductivity Studies on Si (111)," J. Appl. Phys. 71, 4983-4990 (1992)
  229. J. W. P. Hsu and A. Kapitulnik, "Superconducting Transition, Fluctuation, and Vortex Motion in a Two-Dimensional Single Crystal Nb Film," Phys. Rev. B 45, 4819-4835 (1992)
  230. J. W. P. Hsu, D. B. Mitzi, A. Kapitulnik, and Mark Lee, "In-plane Dissipation Maxima and Vortex Line Distortions in the Resistive Transitions of Oxygen Doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d," Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2095-2098 (1991)
  231. J. W. P. Hsu, Sung I. Park, G. Deutscher, and A. Kapitulnik, "Superconducting Transition Temperature in a Nb/NbSi Bilayer System," Phys. Rev. B 43, 2648-2655 (1991)
  232. A. Kapitulnik, J. W. P. Hsu, and M. R. Hahn, "Percolative Properties of Al-Ge Composite Thin Films," Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 195, 153-163 (1990)
  233. J. W. P. Hsu and A. Kapitulnik, "Flux Motion in a Two-Dimensional Single Crystal Nb Film," Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 1061-1063 (1990)
  234. J. W. P. Hsu, A. Kapitulnik, and M. Yu Reizer, "Effect of Electron-Electron Interaction on the Thermoelectric Power in Disordered Metallic Systems," Phys. Rev. B 40, 7513-7519 (1989)
  235. M. Naito, R. H. Hammond, B. Oh, M. R. Hahn, J. W. P. Hsu, P. Rosenthal, A. F. Marshall, M. R. Beasley, T. H. Geballe, and A. Kapitulnik, "Thin Film Synthesis of the High-Tc Oxide Superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 by Electron Beam Codeposition," J. Mat. Res. 2, 713-725 (1987)
  236. J. Z. Sun, D. J. Webb, M. Naito, K. Char, M. R. Hahn, J. W. P. Hsu, A. D. Kent, D. B. Mitzi, B. Oh, M. R. Beasley, T. H. Geballe, R. H. Hammond, and A. Kapitulnik, "Superconductivity and Magnetism in the High Tc Superconductor YBaCuO," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1574-1576 (1987)
  237. Julia Hsu, Z. Wu, and W. Happer, "Cs Induced 129Xe Nuclear Spin Relaxation in N2 and He Buffer Gases," Phys. Lett. 112A, 141-145 (1985)

Invited Review Papers:

  1. S. Thampy, N. Ashburn, K. Cho, and J. W. P. Hsu, “Earth-Abundant Transition Metal Based Mullite-type Oxide Catalysts for Heterogeneous Oxidation Reactions,” Adv. Energy & Sustainability Res. 2 (4), 202000075 (2021) 
  2. J. W. P. Hsu and J. Wang, "Room-temperature Deposition of Interfacial Contact Layers for Organic Photovoltaics," SPIE Newsroom (2016) 10.1117/2.1201608.006631
  3. J. W. P. Hsu and M. T. Lloyd, "Organic-Inorganic Hybrids for Solar Energy Generation," Mater. Res. Soc. Bulletin 35, 422-428 (2010)
  4. J. W. P. Hsu, "Soft Lithography Contacts to Organics," Materials Today 8, 42-54 (2005)
  5. J. W. P. Hsu, "True Optical Microscopy," Materials Today 4, 26-41 (2001)
  6. J. W. P. Hsu, "Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy Studies of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices," Mater. Sci. Eng. Reports 33, 1-50 (2001)
  7. J. W. P. Hsu, "Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy Studies of Materials and Devices," Mater. Res. Soc. Bulletin 22, 27-30 (1997)

Patents:

  1. J. W. P. Hsu and J. Liu, "Directed Spatial Organization of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures," US Patent #7,491,423 (February 17, 2009)
  2. J. W. P. Hsu, Y.-L. Loo, and J. A. Rogers, "Forming Electrical Contact to a Molecular Layer," US Patent #7,229,847 (June 12, 2007)
  3. J. W. P. Hsu and M. J. Manfra, "Apparatus with Improved Layers of Group III-Nitride Semiconductor," US Patent #7,038,300 (May 2, 2006)
  4. J. W. P. Hsu, M. J. Manfra, and N. G. Weimann, "Method for Growing Layers of Group III-Nitride Semiconductor Having Electrically Passivated Threading Defects," US Patent #6,699,760 (March 2, 2004)
  5. J. W. P. Hsu, Mark Lee, and B. S. Deaver, "Nanometer Distance Regulation Using Electro-mechanical Power Dissipation," US Patent #5,886,532 (March 23, 1999)